Marty Sachs, a long-standing member of Temple Israel and independent scholar of Judaism, will explore developments in Zionism and Palestine during the period 1881-1948, focusing on the early history of Zionism, the Zionist reactions to the growth of the Arab national movement, and the different proposals for development of a Jewish state in Palestine. Those state proposals eventually led to the 1947 United Nations partition plan and then to the establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. Marty Sachs is a retired physicist and computer scientist who now takes courses in Judaic Studies at Yale through the alumni audit program. He has been a member of Temple Israel since 1977, where he served on the Board for 12 years as chairman of the Ritual Committee and then secretary and vice president. He currently maintains the Temple's policy history.